An Isotonic solution has same salt concentration as cells and blood. Isotonic solutions are commonly used as intravenously infused fluids in hospitalized patients. A hypotonic solution is a solution with a lower concentration of solutes. A cell in a hypotonic solution has a higher concentration of solutes than the surrounding solution, causing water to flow into the cell. Too much inflow of water will lead the cell to lyses or lead to a phenomenon known as hemolysis. Hypertonic refers to a higher concentration or has a greater degree of tone or tension. A cell in a hypertonic solution has a lower concentration of solutes than its surroundings, leading to a decrease of water in the cell. Water will leave the cell by means of osmosis and cause the cell to crenate. Crenation is a crinkling up process.
Requirements
Apparatus: Weighing balance, beaker, graduated cylinder, pipette, water glass, glass rod (stirrer).
Ingredients:
For isotonic solution: NaCl= 0.9g and water 100ml q.s
For hypertonic solution: NaCl=1.5g and water 100ml q.s
For hypotonic solution: NaCl=0.4g and water 100ml q.s
Procedure:
o Take three beakers.
o Label these as isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic solutions.
o Weight the amount of NaCl and add it to respective beakers.
o Now make up the volume with water up to 100 ml.
o Now pour few drops of blood in these three beakers.
o Check the effect of these three solutions of varying concentration on blood cells.
Result:
o The blood cells in isotonic solution remain intact (normal). The blood cells in hypertonic solutions shrink and the blood cells in hypotonic solution, become turgid.
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